Items North Africa and Sicily
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
North Africa and Sicily:
- Banu Hilal dynasty
- Banu Ifran dynasty
- Fès, Emirate of
- Hafsid dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty › Basra, City of
- Idrisid dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty › Kharijite dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty › Mu'tazilite dynasty
- Idrisid dynasty › Tilimsan, Emirate of
- Idrisid dynasty › Uncertain Idrisid city
- Idrisid dynasty › Warzigha, City of
- Idrisid dynasty › Wazzequr, City of
- Khazrunid dynasty › Sijilmasa, Khazrunids of
- Khazrunid dynasty › Tarabulus, Khazrunids of
- Marinid dynasty
- Marinid dynasty › Marrakesh, Marinids of
- Midrarid dynasty
- Qayrawan, Zirids of
- Riyahid dynasty
- Rustamid dynasty
- Sulaymanid dynasty
- Wadi Lau, Hammudids of
- Wattasid dynasty
- Western Sicily
- Zayyanid dynasty
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Banu Hilal dynasty • Dinar (900-1100)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
Dinar - Anonymous (Emigration to North Africa in the XI century) k. A. (900-1100)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 3,90 g
N# 84991
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Banu Ifran dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
1 Dirham - Ya'lâ ibn Ahmad k. A. (945-954)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,57 g
Album Islamic# 457M, N# 385360
1 Dirham - Yaddu ibn Ya'lâ k. A. (958-993)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber
Album Islamic# 457N, N# 385361
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Fès, Emirate of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
1 Dirham - Mu'izz ibn Ziri (In the name of Muhammad al-Mahdi, 399-400 AH) k. A. (1009-1010)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,45 g • ⌀ 23 mm
N# 385112
1 Dirham - Hamama ibn al Muiz ibn Atiya (In the name of Hammudid Yahya ibn Ali) k. A. (1031-1048)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,09 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 385113
1 Dirham - Dunas ibn Hamama k. A. (1048-1060)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,18 g • ⌀ 25 mm
N# 385115
1 Dirham - Mu'ansar ibn al-Mu`izz (In the name of Hammudid Yahya ibn Ali, 412-427 AH) k. A. (1060-1065)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 3,93 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 385114
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Hafsid dynasty • Dinar (1229-1574)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
⅛ Dinar - Abu' Abd Allah Muhammad I k. A. (1249-1277)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 0,50 g
N# 85848
⅛ Dinar - Abu’l Hassan ‘Ali k. A. (1435-1452)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 0,61 g • ⌀ 12 mm
Album Islamic# 511, N# 382803
½ Dinar - Abu Zakariya' Yahya I k. A. (1230-1249)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 2,28 g • ⌀ 21,4 mm
Album Islamic# 500-2, Mitch WI# 428-429, N# 437298
½ Dinar - Abu' Abd Allah Muhammad I k. A. (1249-1277)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 2,36 g
N# 85849
½ Dinar - Abu Zakariya' Yahya II "Yahya II al-Watiq" k. A. (1277-1279)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 2,35 g
Album Islamic# E504, N# 86224
½ Dinar - Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad II k. A. (1295-1309)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 2,37 g
Album Islamic# 506A, N# 153628
½ Dinar - Abu Hafs 'Umar II k. A. (1346-1347)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 2,35 g
Album Islamic# 508L, N# 382798
1 Dirham-Fès k. A. (1121-1570)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,55 g • 14,5 × 14,5 mm
Hohertz# 575, N# 430082
1 Dirham - Abu'l-'Abbas Ahmad III (Tunis) k. A. (1543-1569)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,20 g
Album Islamic# B514, N# 382805
Dinar - Abu Zakariya' Yahya I k. A. (1229-1249)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,70 g • ⌀ 29 mm
N# 75933
Dinar - Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad I (Bijaya) k. A. (1249-1277)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,65 g
Album Islamic# 501, N# 153627
Dinar - Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II k. A. (1310-1346)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,02 g
N# 86228
1 Dinar - Abu Yahya Zakariya' k. A. (1311-1317)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,74 g
Album Islamic# B207, N# 382797
1 Dinar - Abu’l-‘Abbas al Fadl (Fas) k. A. (1347-1350)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,44 g
Album Islamic# B509, N# 382799
1 Dinar - Abu’l ‘Abbas Ahmad II k. A. (1379-1394)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,64 g
N# 382800
1 Dinar - Abu Faris 'Abd al-'Aziz II (Tarabulus) k. A. (1394-1434)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,71 g
Album Islamic# 511, N# 382802
1 Dinar - Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad V k. A. (1526-1543)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Gold • 4,57 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Album Islamic# 513H, N# 382804
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Basra, City of • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
1 Dirham - al-Qāsim ibn Idrīs (al-Basra) 250 (864)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,87 g
Album Islamic# 427, N# 383067
1 Dirham - Ibrahim ibn al-Qasim (al-Basra) k. A. (880-893)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,52 g
Album Islamic# 427E, N# 383066
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
½ Dirham - Yahya III Ibn Al-Qassim 290 (903)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 0,81 g
N# 383075
1 Dirham - Yahya II ibn Yahya (al-'Aliya) 250 (864)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 1,68 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 383073
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty • Dinar (788-974)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
Fals - Rashid ibn Qadim (Walila) k. A. (789-806)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,02 g
Album Islamic# 422R, N# 153626
Fals - Idris II (Abbasid style) k. A. (791-828)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 3,22 g • ⌀ 17,5 mm
Album Islamic# 422, Zeno cat# 24577, N# 416394
Fals - Yahya Ib. Muhammad k. A. (848-864)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Kupfer • 2,24 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 76502
Dirham - Idris II (Wazzan) k. A. (791-828)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,22 g • ⌀ 22 mm
N# 76503
Dirham - Idris II (Walilli) 176-209 (791-828)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,46 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Eus Idris# 391; 402, N# 76501
Dirham - Idris II (Asilah) k. A. (791-828)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,70 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 182284
Dirham - Idris II (Fes) 207-208 (822-823)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 376920
Dirham - Yahya Ib. Muhammad k. A. (848-864)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,46 g • ⌀ 14 mm
N# 76508
Dirham - Al Qasim Guennoun (Fatimid Overlord) k. A. (937-948)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,83 g • ⌀ 26 mm
N# 76509
Islamische Staaten › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Kharijite dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
1 Dirham - Zufar (Ziz) k. A. (791-795)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,52 g
Album Islamic# A433, N# 383077
1 Dirham - Zufar (Tudgha) 178-179 (794-795)
Münzen › Standard-Umlaufmünze
Silber • 2,82 g
Album Islamic# A433, N# 383076
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